19th Century– tax –

Vincent Willem van Gogh. Though he was a painter who received little recognition during his lifetime, he is now known as a figure who left an indelible mark on the history of world art. Brilliant colors, violent brushstrokes, and a life ...

Many people have heard the phrase “Schrödinger’s cat.” The cat that is said to be both alive and dead has become known as a strange symbol of the uncertainty inherent in quantum mechanics. And the creator of this thought experiment was t...

In the history of painting, few figures lived a life that was itself a work of art as completely as Pablo Picasso. By establishing Cubism, he overturned at the root the very notions of “what painting is” and “how reality is to be se...

The Father of Indian Independence — Mahatma Gandhi. By upholding nonviolence and truth, he stirred a nation through the power of conscience rather than the spilling of blood. His figure remains engraved in humanity’s collective memory. Y...

He was called the Hero of the Late Tokugawa Era — Sakamoto Ryoma. He forged the Satsuma–Choshu Alliance, advanced the restoration of imperial rule,and became a driving force behind Japan’s transformation into a modern nation. Yet the rea...